Tungsten-free hard alloys: manufacturing methods, structure and properties (review)
UDC
669.018.95:661.878.621
DOI
10.18577/2307-6046-2021-0-11-66-81
Article PDF (Russian)
(945.55 KB)
How to cite
Patrushev A.Yu., Farafonov D.P., Serov M.M. Tungsten-free hard alloys: manufacturing methods, structure and properties (review) // Proceedings of VIAM. 2021. No. 11. DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2021-0-11-66-81. URL: https://test.viam.ru/en/journal/2021/11/7
Keywords
tungsten-free hard alloy, cermet, carbide phase, titanium carbide, chromium carbide, microstructure.
Abstract
In this paper provides an overview of scientific and technical literature and developments in the field of tungsten-free hard alloys or cermet as promising materials of a new generation metalworking tools. Methods of obtaining sintered hard alloys, their structure and basic operational properties are considered The main directions of improving the properties of hard alloys are given. The results of experimental work on the production of cermet by high-speed quenching of the melt are presented. The obtained fast-quenched materials of the Fe–TiC–TiB2 system demonstrate physical and mechanical properties at the level of sintered hard alloys, but at the same time it contain 2–3 times less of the carbide phase.
Reference list
- Kablov E.N. Innovative developments of FSUE «VIAM» SSC of RF on realization of «Strategic directions of the development of materials and technologies of their processing for the period until 2030». Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2015, no. 1 (34), pp. 3–33. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2015-0-1-3-33.
- Kablov E.N. New generation materials and digital technologies for their processing. Vestnik Rossiyskoy akademii nauk, 2020, vol. 90, no. 4, pp. 331–334. DOI: 10.31857/S0869587320040052.
- Grashchenkov D.V. Strategy of development of non-metallic materials, metal composite materials and heat-shielding. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2017, no. S, pp. 264–271. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2017-0-S-264-271.
- Kieffer R.O., Benezovsky F.O. Hard alloys: per. with him. Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1971, 392 p.
- Falkovsky V.A., Klyachko L.I. Hard alloys. Moscow: Ore and Metals, 2005, 492 p.
- State Standard 3882–74. Sintered hard alloys. Stamps. Moscow: Publishing house of standards, 1998, 12 p.
- Tyurin A.G., Razumakov A.A., Terentyev D.S., Nagavkin S.Yu., Ivantsivsky V.V. Investigation of the structure and properties of hard alloys with a gradient structure. Processing of metals, 2012, no. 4 (57), pp. 86–91.
- Humphry-Baker S.A., Ramanujam P., George D.W. et al. Ablation resistance of tungsten carbide cermets under extreme conditions. International journal of refractory metals and hard materials, 2020, no. 93. Art. 105356. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2020.105356.
- Bogodukhov S.I., Garipov V.S., Shein E.A., Yasakov A.S. Chemical heat treatment of hard alloys of the VK group. Vestnik OGU, 2011, no. 10 (129), pp. 221–226.
- Oskolkova T.N., Bataev A.A., Tyurin A.G., Kozyrev N.A., Fedorov A.A. Investigation of the structure and properties of the VK10KS hard alloy after quenching in a water-polymer environment Termovit M. Obrabotka metallov, 2014, no. 4 (65), pp. 36–42.
- Fedorov E.M., Tsemenko V.N., Rumyantsev V.I. Influence of the addition of nanosized tungsten carbide on the structure and properties of the sintered hard alloy VK10KHOM. Nauchno-tekhnicheskiye vedomosti Sankt-Peterburgskogo gosudarstvennogo politekhnicheskogo universiteta, 2013, no. 3 (178), pp. 156–162.
- Vostrikov Ya.A., Verkhoturov A.D., Burkov A.A. Increase of heat resistance and wear resistance of tungsten-containing hard alloys by ESA method. Uchenye zapiski Komsomol'skogo-na-Amure gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta, 2017, no. 11-1 (30), pp. 90–99.
- Kablov E.N., Lukina E.A., Zavodov A.V., Efimochkin I.Yu. The formation of structure in ultrafine WC–Cо carbide material in the presence of inhibitory additives. Trudy VIAM, 2020, no. 4-5 (88), paper no. 10. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: July 1, 2021) DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2020-0-45-89-99.
- Trofimenko N.I., Efimochkin I.Yu., Dvoretskov R.M., Batienkov R.V. Obtaining fine-grained cemented carbide alloys of the WC–Co system (review). Trudy VIAM, 2020, no. 1 (85), paper no. 09. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: July 1, 2021). DOI: 10.18577 / 2307-6046-2020-0-1-92-100.
- Malikov A.A., Markova E.V., Chechuga O.V. Application of electric discharge methods of surface hardening for tool life durability. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2018, no. 4 (53), pp. 19–25. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2018-0-4-19-25.
- Yung D., Zikin A., Hussainova I. et al. Tribological performances of ZrC – Ni and TiC – Ni cermet reinforced PTA. Surface & Coatings Technology, 2017, no. 309, pp. 497–505. DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.11.099.
- Bobylev E.E. Structural formation of functional diffusion coatings formed on hard alloys such as TK and VK. Inzhenernyy zhurnal: nauka i innovatsii, 2019, no. 1, pp. 1–14. DOI: 10.18698/2308-6033-2019-1-1845.
- Panov V.S., Zaitsev A.A. Hard alloys WC – Co doped with tantalum carbide (review). Izvestiya vuzov. Poroshkovaya metallurgiya i funktsionalnye pokrytiya, 2015, no. 2, pp. 44–48. DOI: 10.17073/1997-308X-2015-2-44-48.
- Kurganova Yu.A., Panina K.S., Beshenkov P.S. Analysis of the possibility of increasing the properties of the VK15 material for drilling tools. Zapiski Gornogo instituta, 2018, vol. 233, pp. 518–524. DOI: 10.31897/PMI.2018.5.518.
- Samsonov G.V., Vinitskiy I.M. Refractory compounds: a reference book. 2nd ed. Moscow: Metallurgy, 1976, 560 p.
- State Standard 26530–85. Tungsten-free sintered hard alloys. Moscow: Publishing house of standards, 1985, 7 p.
- Novikov A.V., Kulkob S.N., Panin V.E. Effect of hot extrusion on the structural state of the TiC – NiTi hard alloy. Soviet powder metallurgy and metal ceramics, 1990, vol. 29 (6), pp. 497–501.
- Liu B.H., Shuigen V.H., Jan V.J. Influence of Mo addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of TiC – NiTi cermets. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2017, vol. 712, pp. 579–587. DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.04.151.
- Liu Y., Bao-Hai Y., De-Hui G. et al. Microstructure and properties of TiC/NiCr cermets produced by partial liquid-phase sintering. Journal of materials science letters, 2001, vol. 20 (7), pp. 619–620. DOI: 10.1023 / A: 1010965216385.
- Atefeh A., Zohreh S., Gokuldoss K., Filippo B. In situ fabrication of TiC – NiCr cermets by selective laser melting. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 2019, vol. 87, art. 105171. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2019.105171.
- Dunand D.C., Fukami-Ushiro K.L., Mari D. et al. Mechanical Properties of NiTi – TiC Shape-Memory Composites. MRS Proceedings, 1996, vol. 459, pp. 131.
- Akimov V.V. The mechanism of liquid-phase sintering of TiC – TiNi hard-alloy composites. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Chernaya metallurgiya, 2006, no. 6, pp. 33–35.
- Gulyaev A.P. Metallurgy: textbook. 6th ed., rev. and add. Moscow: Metallurgy, 1986, 544 p.
- Afonin V.K., Ermakov B.S., Lebedev E.L. Metals and alloys: a reference book. Saint Petersburg: Professional, 2003, 1066 p.
- Loginov Yu.N. Production technology of workpieces from hard alloys: textbook. Sverdlovsk: Ed. nsmed S.M. Kirov, 1984, 53 p.
- Akimov V.V. Development of the composition and technology of sintering dispersion-hardened composite materials TiC – TiNi with increased viscoelastic properties: thesis abstract, Dr. Sc. (Tech.). Barnaul, 2007, 35 p.
- Akimov V.V. The mechanism of liquid-phase sintering of TiC – TiNi hard-alloy composites. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Chernaya metallurgiya, 2006, no. 6, pp. 33–35.
- Panov V.S., Chuvilin A.M., Falkovsky V.A. Technology and properties of sintered hard alloys and products from them. Moscow: MISiS, 2004, 462 p.
- Akimov V.V., Mishurov A.F., Negrov D.A. et al. Change in the microhardness of tungsten-free hard alloys during their irradiation with a gas-metal beam of argon and zirconium ions. Vestnik YUUGU, 2019, vol. 19, p. 19–26.
- Mokhovikov A.A., Shamarin N.N. Investigation of the resistance of a tungsten-free hard alloy based on titanium carbide under cutting conditions. Inzhenernyy vestnik Dona, 2015, vol. 2, art. 7. Available at: http://www.ivdon.ru/ru/magazine/archive/n2p2y2015/2957 (accessed: July 2, 2021).
- Vereshchaka A.A., Khozhaev O.Kh. Improving the performance of tungsten-free hard alloys using nanostructured multilayer composite coatings. Vestnik BGTU, 2014, vol. 3 (43), pp. 20–25.
- Panov V.S., Chuvilin A.M. Technology and properties of sintered hard alloys and products made of them: textbook. Moscow: MISiS, 2001, 428 p.
- Vynar V. Effect of components on the tribocorosion properties of tungsten-carbide cermets. Materials Science, 2016, vol. 51 (6), pp. 869–876.
- Mekgwe G.N., Tuckart W.R. Effect of CrC – Ni on the tribological behavior of WC cemented carbide. 4th International conference materials science and engineering, 2019, no. 499, art. 012012. DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/499/1/012012.
- Ganguly A., Murthy V., Kannoorpatti K. Structural and electronic properties of chromium carbides and Fe-substituted chromium carbides. Materials Research Express, 2020, vol. 7 (5), art. 056508. DOI: 10.1088/2053-1591/ab8cf9.
- Antonov M., Hussainova I. Subsurface of Cr3C2 – Ni cermets modified by wear. Proceedings of the 10th international conference of the European society. Baden-Baden, 2008, pp. 632–640.
- Lagos M.A., Agote I., Leizaola I. Fabrication of chromium carbide cermets by electric resistance sintering process: Processing, microstructure and mechanical propetries. International journal of refractory metals and hard materials, 2020, pp. 88–94. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2020.105417.
- Kolnes M., Pirso J. Strucrure formation and characteristics of chromium carbide-iron-titanium cermets. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of sciences, 2016, vol. 65, no. 2, pp. 138–143. DOI: 10.3176/proc.2016.2.09.
- Zhang X., Liu N. Effects of ZrC on microstructure, mechanical properties and thermal shock resistance of TiC – ZrC – Co – Ni cermets. Materials Science & Engineering A, 2013, vol. 561, pp. 270–276. DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2012.11.003.
- Li S., Zhu Y., Chai J. et al. Effects of ZrC content on the microstructure and mechanical property of ZrC/ZTA composites consolidated by hot pressing. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2020, no. 860, art. 158402. DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.158402.
- Kang X., Lin N., He Y., Zhang M. Influence of ZrC addition on the microstrucure, mechanical properties and oxidation resistance of Ti (C, N)-based cermets. Ceramics international, 2018, pp. 1151–11159. DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.03.131.
- Xiong H., Xie D., Chen J. et al. Ti (C, N)-based cermets with strengthened interfaces: Roles of secondary cubic carbides. Journal American ceramic society, 2020, no. 103, pp. 1582–1592. DOI: 10.1111/jace.16893.
- Westphal H. Bearbeitung schwerzerspanbarer Werkstoffe. Moderne Zerspannungswerkzeuge in optimierten Prozessketten, 2002, no. 56, pp. 167–172.
- Burkov P.V. Structure formation, phase composition and properties of composite materials: thesis abstract, Cand. Sc. (Tech.). Barnaul, 2009, 34 p.
- Serov M.M., Borisov B.V. Obtaining metal fibers and porous materials from them by the method of extracting a hanging drop of the melt. Tekhnologiya legkih splavov, 2007, no. 3, pp. 62–65.
