Effect of aggressive liquids on properties of polymer composite materials (review)

Startsev V.O.
UDC
532.72:539.4:541.68:665.7
DOI
10.18577/2307-6046-2022-0-8-98-112
Article PDF (Russian) (646.56 KB)
How to cite
Startsev V.O. Effect of aggressive liquids on properties of polymer composite materials (review) // Proceedings of VIAM. 2022. No. 8. DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2022-0-8-98-112. URL: https://test.viam.ru/en/journal/2022/8/8
Keywords
polymer composite materials, reinforcing fibers, jet fuel, aviation fluids, water, acid, alkali, salt, aging, sorption, strength
Abstract

The influence of aviation fuels, oils and technical fluids on the mechanical properties of polymer composite materials is considered. Regularities of aging in water and aqueous solutions of acids, bases, salts are analyzed. It is shown that the reasons for the change in properties are the processes of plasticization, destruction and post-curing of polymer matrices, chemical destruction of reinforcing fillers and adhesive interaction at the «matrix–filler» interface, the formation of microcracks under the action of internal stresses, enhanced by the action of water and aqueous solutions of acids, salts and bases.

Reference list
  1. Moiseev Yu.V., Zaikov G.E. Chemical resistance of polymers in aggressive environments. Moscow: Khimiya, 1979, 288 p.
  2. State Standard 12020–2018. Plastics. Methods for determining the resistance to the action of chemical media. Moscow: Standartinform, 2018, 21 p.
  3. Mishurov K.S., Mishkin S.I. Environmental effect on properties of CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic) VKU-39. Trudy VIAM, 2016, no. 12 (48), paper no. 08. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: May 31, 2022). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2016-0-12-8-8.
  4. Mishurov K.S., Pavlovskiy K.A., Imametdinov E.Sh. fiber reinforced plastic VKU-27L. Trudy VIAM, 2018, no. 3 (63), paper no. 07. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: May 31, 2022). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2018-0-3-60-67.
  5. Kurnosov A.O., Melnikov D.A., Sokolov I.I. Structural glass-reinforced plastics purposed for aviation industry. Trudy VIAM, 2015, no. 8, paper no. 08. Available at: http://viam-works.ru (accessed: May 31, 2022). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2015-0-8-8-8.
  6. Voynov S.I., Zhelezina G.F., Solovyeva N.A., Yamshchikova G.A. Environmental effects on properties of aramid fiber reinforced plastic manufactured by RTM method. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2015, no. 4 (37), pp. 72–78. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2015-0-4-72-78.
  7. Kan A.Ch., Kulagina G.S., Ayupov T.R., Zhelezina G.F. The influence of environmental factors on the characteristics of antifriction organoplasty Orgalon AF-1M. Trudy VIAM, 2018, no. 3 (109), paper no. 09. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: May 5, 2022). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2022-0-3-91-101.
  8. ASTM D 543-21. Standard practices for evaluating the resistance of plastics to chemical reagents. ASTM International, 2021, 8 p.
  9. ISO 175:2010. Plastics – Methods of test for the determination of the effects of immersion in liquid chemicals. International Organization for Standardization, 2021, 20 p.
  10. ISO 4599:1986. Plastics – Determination of resistance to environmental stress cracking (ESC) – Bent strip method. International Organization for Standardization, 1986, 6 pp.
  11. Kim G., He Y., Kulkarni S., Sterkenburg R. The influence of aircraft fluid ingression on tensile properties of aramid fiber composites. Advanced Composite Materials, 2021, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 365–379.
  12. Kumarasamy S., Mazlan N.M., Abidin M.S.Z., Anjang A. Influence of Fuel Absorption on the Mechanical Properties of Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Laminates. Journal of King Saud University – Engineering Sciences, 2020, vol. 32, no. 8, pp. 548–554.
  13. Ren G., Zhu X., Men X. et al. The effect of oil fouling on the mechanical and tribological properties of nomex fabric/phenolic composite. Journal of Composite Materials, 2016, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 427–432.
  14. Sala G. Composite degradation due to fluid absorption. Composites. Part B: Engineering, 2000, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 357–373.
  15. Khagendra K., Yadav S., Lohchab D. Influence of Aviation Fuel on Mechanical properties of Glass Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Composite. International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2016, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 58–65.
  16. Kim G., Sterkenburg R. Investigating the effects aviation fluids have on the flatwise compressive strength of Nomex® honeycomb core material. Journal of Sandwich Structures and Materials, 2021, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 365–382.
  17. De Souza L.R., Marques A.T., D’Almeida J.R.M. Effects of aging on water and lubricating oil on the creep behavior of a GFRP matrix composite. Composite Structures, 2017, vol. 168, pp. 285–291.
  18. Condruz M., Paraschiv A., Puşcaşu C., Sebastian Vintilǎ I. Tensile behavior of humid aged advanced composites for helicopter external fuel tank development. MATEC Web of Conferences, 2018, vol. 145, art. 02004.
  19. Sugita Y., Winkelmann C., La Saponara V. Environmental and chemical degradation of car-bon/epoxy lap joints for aerospace applications, and effects on their mechanical performance. Composites Science and Technology, 2010, vol. 70, no. 5, pp. 829–839.
  20. Rider A., Yeo E. The Chemical Resistance of Epoxy Adhesive Joints Exposed to Aviation Fuel and its Additives. New York: Sciences, 2005, 29 p.
  21. Genanu M.H.B.H. Study the Effect of Immersion in Gasoline and Kerosene on Fatigue Behavior for Epoxy Composites Reinforcement with Glass Fiber. The Fifth Scientific Conference of University of Wasit, October 18–19, 2011, pp. 1–10.
  22. Kablov E.N., Startsev V.O. Climatic Aging of Aviation Polymer Composite Materials: I. Influence of Significant Factors. Russian Metallurgy (Metally), 2020, vol. 2020, no. 4, pp. 364–372.
  23. Kablov E.N., Startsev V.O. Climatic Aging of Aviation Polymer Composite Materials: II. Development of Methods for Studying the Early Stages of Aging. Russian Metallurgy (Metally), 2020, vol. 2020, no. 10, pp. 1088–1094.
  24. Startsev V.O., Lebedev M.P., Frolov A.S., Nizina T.A. Relationship between the deformability and fractographic characteristics of fracture surfaces of epoxy polymers. Doklady Physical Chemistry, 2017, vol. 476, no. 1, pp. 149–152.
  25. Startsev O.V., Vapirov Y.M., Lebedev M.P., Kychkin A.K. Comparison of Glass-Transition Temperatures for Epoxy Polymers Obtained by Methods of Thermal Analysis. Mechanics of Composite Materials, 2020, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 227–240.
  26. Petrov M.G., Lebedev M.P., Startsev O.V., Kopyrin M.M. Effect of Low Temperatures and Moisture on the Strength Performance of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic. Doklady Physical Chemistry, 2021, vol. 500, no. 1, pp. 85–91.
  27. Kablov E.N., Startsev V.O. The Influence of Internal Stresses on the Aging of Polymer Composite Materials: a Review. Mechanics of Composite Materials, 2021, vol. 57, no. 5, pp. 565–576.
  28. Nikolaev E.V., Slavin A.V., Startsev V.O., Laptev A.B. Modern approaches to assessing the impact of external factors on materials and complex technical systems (to the 120th anniversary of G.V. Akimov). Trudy VIAM, 2021, no. 9 (103), paper no. 12. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: May 31, 2022). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2021-0-9-117-130.
  29. Amaro A.M., Reis P.N.B., Neto M.A., Louro C. Effects of alkaline and acid solutions on glass/epoxy composites. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2013, vol. 98, no. 4, pp. 853–862.
  30. Amaro A.M., Reis P.N.B., Neto M.A., Louro C. Effect of different acid solutions on glass/epoxy composites. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 2013, vol. 32, no. 14, pp. 1018–1029.
  31. Cabral-Fonseca S., Nunes J.P., Rodrigues M.P., Eusébio M.I. Durability of carbon fibre reinforced polymer laminates used to reinforced concrete structures. Science and Engineering of Composite Materials, 2011, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 201–207.
  32. Uthaman A., Xian G., Thomas S. et al. Durability of an epoxy resin and its carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composite upon immersion in water, acidic, and alkaline solutions. Polymers, 2020, vol. 12, no. 3, аrt. 614.
  33. Kattaguri R., Fulmali A.O., Prusty R.K., Ray B.C. Effects of acid, alkaline, and seawater aging on the mechanical and thermomechanical properties of glass fiber/epoxy composites filled with carbon nanofibers. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2020, vol. 137, no. 10, аrt. 48434.
  34. Ji Y., Kim Y.J. Effects of Sulfuric Acid on Durability Characteristics of CFRP Composite Sheets. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2017, vol. 29, no. 10, аrt. 04017159.
  35. Bazli M., Ashrafi H., Oskouei A.V. Effect of harsh environments on mechanical properties of GFRP pultruded profiles. Composites. Part B: Engineering, 2016, vol. 99, pp. 203–215.
  36. Benmokrane B., Elgabbas F., Ahmed E.A., Cousin P. Characterization and Comparative Durability Study of Glass/Vinylester, Basalt/Vinylester, and Basalt/Epoxy FRP Bars. Journal of Composites for Construction, 2015, vol. 19, no. 6, art. 04015008.
  37. Li H., Xian G., Wu J. Durability and Fatigue Performances of Basalt Fiber/Epoxy Reinforcing Bars. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on FRP Composites in Civil Engineering, 2012, pp. 1–8.
  38. Garg M., Sharma S., Mehta R. Carbon nanotube-reinforced glass fiber epoxy composite laminates exposed to hygrothermal conditioning. Journal of Materials Science, 2016, vol. 51, no. 18, pp. 8562–8578.
  39. Jain N., Singh V.K., Chauhan S. Review on effect of chemical, thermal, additive treatment on mechanical properties of basalt fiber and their composites. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials, 2017, vol. 26, no. 5–6, pp. 205–211.
  40. Wei B., Cao H., Song S. Tensile behavior contrast of basalt and glass fibers after chemical treatment. Materials and Design, 2010, vol. 31, no. 9, pp. 4244–4250.
  41. Coricciati A., Corvaglia P., Mosheyev G. Durability of fibers in aggressive alkaline environment. ICCM International Conferences on Composite Materials, 2009, pp. 1–10.
  42. Dhand V., Mittal G., Rhee K.Y. et al. A short review on basalt fiber reinforced polymer composites. Composites. Part B: Engineering, 2015, vol. 73, pp. 166–180.
  43. Lu Z., Xian G. Resistance of basalt fibers to elevated temperatures and water or alkaline solution immersion. Polymer Composites, 2018, vol. 39, no. 7, pp. 2385–2393.
  44. Wang M., Zhang Z., Li Y. et al. Chemical durability and mechanical properties of alkali-proof basalt fiber and its reinforced epoxy composites. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 2008, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 393–407.
  45. Quagliarini E., Monni F., Bondioli F., Lenci S. Basalt fiber ropes and rods: Durability tests for their use in building engineering. Journal of Building Engineering, 2016, vol. 5, pp. 142–150.
  46. Arias J.P.M., Bernal C., Vázquez A., Escobar M.M. Aging in Water and in an Alkaline Medium of Unsaturated Polyester and Epoxy Resins: Experimental Study and Modeling. Advances in Polymer Technology, 2018, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 450–460.
  47. Pan W., Zhang D., Lu M. et al. Study on the Morphology Characteristics of Epoxy Resin of Composite Insulator under Acid-heat Condition. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2022, vol. 2213, no. 1, art. 012010.
  48. Cousin P., Hassan M., Vijay P.V. et al. Chemical resistance of carbon, basalt, and glass fibers used in FRP reinforcing bars. Journal of Composite Materials, 2019, vol. 53, no. 26–27, pp. 3651–3670.
  49. Lebedev M.P., Startsev O.V., Kychkin A.K. The effects of aggressive environments on the mechanical properties of basalt plastics. Heliyon, 2020, vol. 6, no. 3, аrt. e03481.
  50. Manikandan V., Winowlin Jappes J.T., Suresh Kumar S.M., Amuthakkannan P. Investigation of the effect of surface modifications on the mechanical properties of basalt fibre reinforced polymer composites. Composites. Part B: Engineering, 2012, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 812–818.
  51. Wu G., Wang X., Wu Z. et al. Durability of basalt fibers and composites in corrosive environments. Journal of Composite Materials, 2015, vol. 49, no. 7, pp. 873–887.
  52. Slavin A.V., Startsev O.V. Properties of aircraft glass- and carbonfibers reinforced plastics at the early stage of natural weathering. Trudy VIAM, 2018, no. 9 (69), paper no. 8. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: May 31, 2022). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2018-0-9-71-82.
  53. Kablov E.N., Startsev O.V., Panin S.V. Moisture transfer in carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic with degraded surface. Doklady Physical Chemistry, 2015, vol. 461, no. 2, pp. 80–83.
  54. Sidorina A.I. Modification of the surface of carbon reinforcing fillers for polymer composite materials by electrochemical treatment (review). Trudy VIAM, 2022, no. 4 (110). paper no. 07. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: May 31, 2022). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2022-0-4-61-74.
  55. Pandian A., Vairavan M., Jebbas Thangaiah W.J., Uthayakumar M. Effect of Moisture Absorption Behavior on Mechanical Properties of Basalt Fibre Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites. Journal of Composites, 2014, vol. 2014, art. ID 587980.
  56. Lipatov Y.V., Gutnikov S.I., Manylov M.S. et al. High alkali-resistant basalt fiber for reinforcing concrete. Materials and Design, 2015, vol. 73, pp. 60–66.
  57. Kablov E.N., Startsev V.O. Systematical analysis of the climatics influence on mechanical properties of the polymer composite materials based on domestic and foreign sources (review). Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2018, no. 2 (51), pp. 47–58. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2018-0-2-47-58.