Influence of the molding method on the structure and properties of carbon fiber reinforced plastics based on bismaleinimide binder

Nacharkina A.V., Zelenina I.V., Smirnov A.V., Boychuk A.S.
UDC
669.295
DOI
10.18577/2307-6046-2025-0-9-35-49
Article PDF (Russian) (1006.27 KB)
How to cite
Nacharkina A.V., Zelenina I.V., Smirnov A.V., Boychuk A.S. Influence of the molding method on the structure and properties of carbon fiber reinforced plastics based on bismaleinimide binder // Proceedings of VIAM. 2025. No. 9. DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2025-0-9-35-49. URL: https://test.viam.ru/en/journal/2025/9/3
Keywords
polymer composite materials (PCMs), bismaleinimide carbon fiber reinforced plastics, molding methods, structure, porosity, non-destructive testing methods
Abstract

The article presents the study of the structure, physical and mechanical properties of high-temperature carbon fiber based on bismaleinimide binder, obtained by various methods of molding: autoclave, press and vacuum. The study results of samples obtained by non-destructive testing methods, such as ultrasonic echo-pulse method and X-ray computed tomography method, which allowed to estimate quantitative values of porosity. Also, the comparison of strength characteristics and the level of their preservation at elevated test temperatures have been conducted.

Reference list
  1. Kablov E.N., Antipov V.V. The role of new generation materials in ensuring the technological sovereignty of the Russian Federation. Vestnik Rossiyskoy akademii nauk, 2023, vol. 93, no. 10, pp. 907–916.
  2. VIAM is 90 years old: proud of the past, creating the future. Ed. E.N. Kablov. Moscow: NRC «Kurchatov Institute» – VIAM, 2022. 155 p.
  3. Sidorov D.V., Grunin A.A., Schavnev A.A. Formation of carbon coatings in the process of methane pyrolysis by the chemical vapor deposition. Trudy VIAM, 2023, no. 10 (128), paper no. 10. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: July 23, 2025). DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2023-0-2-122-144.
  4. Kablov E.N. New generation materials and technologies for their digital processing. Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2020, vol. 90, no. 2, pp. 225–228.
  5. Valueva M.I., Zelenina I.V., Nacharkina A.V., Sidorina A.I., Slavin A.V. High-temperature carbon fiber reinforced plastics based on polyimide binders. Trudy VIAM, 2024, no. 11 (141), paper no. 06. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: July 25, 2025). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2024-0-11-71-88.
  6. Gunyaeva A.G., Kurnosov A.O., Gulyaev I.N. High-temperature polymer composite materials developed FSUE «VIAM» for aerospace engineering: past, present and future (review). Trudy VIAM, 2021, no. 1 (95), paper no. 05. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: July 25, 2025). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2021-0-1-43-53.
  7. Xu X., Peng G., Zhang B. et al. Material performance, manufacturing methods, and engineering applications in aviation of carbon fiber reinforced polymers: A comprehensive review. Thin-Walled Structures, 2025, vol. 209, art. 112899. DOI: 10.1016/j.tws.2024.112899.
  8. Hubert P., Fernlund G., Poursartip A. Autoclave processing for composites. Manufacturing techniques for polymer matrix composites (PMCs). Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012, pp. 414–434.
  9. Bychkova E.V., Borisova N.V., Panova L.G. Technology of polymer processing by pressing and injection molding methods: textbook. Saratov; Moscow: Profobrazovanie; IPR Media, 2021, 97 p.
  10. Tkachuk A.I., Donetsky K.I., Terekhov I.V., Karavaev R.Yu. The use of thermosetting matrices for the manufacture of polymer composite materials by the non-autoclave molding methods. Aviation materials and technology, 2021, no. 1 (62), paper no. 03. Available at: https://www.journal.viam.ru (accessed: July 01, 2025). DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2021-0-1-22-33.
  11. Postnov V.I., Veshkin E.A., Abramov P.A. Ways to improve the quality of parts made of polymer composite materials during vacuum forming. Izvestiya Samarskogo nauchnogo tsentra Rossiyskoy akademii nauk, 2012, vol. 14, no. 4 (3), pp. 834–839.
  12. Evsyukov S., Klomp-de Boer R., Stenzenberger H.D. et al. A new m-xylylene bismaleimide-based high performance resin for vacuum-assisted infusion and resin transfer molding. Journal of Composite Materials, 2019, vol. 53, pp. 3063–3072.
  13. Babkin A.V., Erdni-Goryaev E.M., Solopchenko A.V., Kepman A.V. Infusion bismaleimide binders for polymer composite materials. Khimiya i khimicheskaya tekhnologiya, 2015, no. 58, pp. 54–57.
  14. Tkachuk A.I., Terekhov I.V., Gurevich Ya.M., Kudryavtseva A.N. Application of bismaleimide VST-57 binder for obtaining heat-resistant dimensionally stable molds from polymer composite materials. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2020, no. 2 (59), pp. 32–40. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2020-0-2-32-40.
  15. BMI resin formulation for carbon fiber reinforced composite material, method for making it and BMI prepreg: pat. WO 2022120049; appl. 02.12.21; publ. 09.06.22.
  16. Fischer G. High temperature and toughened bismaleimide composite materials for aeronautics. Materials. Université de Lyon, 2015. HAL archives-ouvertes. Available at: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01299359 (accessed: July 18, 2025).
  17. Iredale R.J., Ward C., Hamerton I. Modern advances in bismaleimide resin technology: A 21st century perspective on the chemistry of addition polyimides. Progress in Polymer Science, 2017, vol. 69, pp. 1–21.
  18. Wu T., Jiang P., Zhang X. et al. Additively manufacturing high-performance bismaleimide architectures with ultraviolet-assisted direct ink writing. Materials and Design, 2019, vol. 180,р. 107947.
  19. Veshkin E.A., Satdinov R.A., Savitsky R.S. Approach to the selection of technological mode for the manufacture of PCM. Trudy VIAM, 2021, no. 11 (105), paper no. 10. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: July 20, 2025). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2021-0-11-103-111.
  20. Troitsky V.A., Karmanov M.N., Troitskaya N.V. Non-destructive testing of composite materials quality. Tekhnicheskaya diagnostika i nerazrushayushchiy kontrol, 2014, no. 3, pp. 20–33.
  21. Kartashova E.D., Muizemnek A.Yu. Technological defects in polymer layered composite materials. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Povolzhskiy region. Ser.: Tekhnicheskie nauki, 2017, no. 2 (42), pp. 79–89.
  22. Mikhaylin Yu.A. Heat, thermal and fire resistance of polymeric materials. St. Petersburg: Scientific foundations and technologies, 2011, 416 p.
  23. Boychuk A.S., Dikov I.A., Chertischev V.Yu., Generalov A.S. Determination of porosity in monolithic parts and aircraft wing assemblies made of polymer composite materials using the ultrasonic echo-pulse method. Defektoskopiya, 2019, no. 1, pp. 3–9.
  24. Dikov I.A., Boychuk A.S., Chertishchev V.Yu., Generalov A.S. Features of determining porosity in polymer composite parts using the ultrasonic echo-pulse testing method. Main trends, directions and prospects for the development of non-destructive testing methods in the aerospace industry: Proc. of the X All-Rus. Conf. «TestMat». Moscow: VIAM, 2018, pp. 65–79.
  25. Kosarina E.I., Demidov A.A., Mikhaylova N.A., Smirnov A.V. Theoretical aspects when creating electronic reference X-ray images containing quantitative information. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2019, no. 4 (57), pp. 87–94. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2019-0-4-87-94.
  26. Demidov A.A., Krupnina O.A., Mikhaylova N.A., Kosarina E.I. Investigation of polymer composite material samples by x-ray computed tomography and processing of tomograms with the image of the volume fraction of porosity. Trudy VIAM, 2021, no. 5 (99), paper no. 11. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: July 20, 2025). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2021-0-5-105-113.
  27. Vetoshkin S.V., Dolgodvorov A.V., Syromyatnikova A.I. Study of the volume microstructure of structural carbon-carbon composite material and creation of a computer 3D model of the studied sample. Bestnik PNIPU. Ser.: Aerokosmicheskaya tekhnika, 2014, no. 2 (37), pp. 202–221.
  28. Mason K.F. Autoclave quality out-side the autoclave. High-performance composites, 2006, vol. 14. Р. 44–49.
  29. Veshkin E.A., Postnov V.I., Abramov P.A. Ways to improve the quality of parts made of polymer composite materials during vacuum forming. Izvestiya Samarskogo nauchnogo tsentra Rossiyskoy akademii nauk, 2012, vol. 14, no. 4 (3), pp. 831–838.
  30. Amouroux S.C., Heider D., Gillespie Jr. J.W. Membrane-based VARTM: membrane and resin interactions. JEC Magazine, 2006, no. 24, pp. 61–78.
  31. Li W., Krehl J., Gillespie J.W., Heider D. Process and Performance Evaluation of the Vacuum-Assisted Process. Journal of Composite Materials, 2004, vol. 38, no. 20, pp. 1803.
  32. Nacharkina A.V., Valueva M.I., Zelenina I.V., Shosheva A.L. High-temperature carbon fiber reinforced plastics based on bismaleinimide binders. Aviation materials and technologies, 2024, no. 4 (77), paper no. 04. Available at: http://www.journal.viam.ru (accessed: July 20, 2025). DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2024-0-4-43-61.
  33. Вessonov M.I., Koton M.M., Kudryavtsev V.V., Laius L.A. Polyimides – a class of heat-resistant polymers. Leningrad: Nauka, 1983б 328 p.