Investigation of degradation mechanisms of thermoplastic polyurethane by storage at long times in aviation kerosene TS-1 by gel permeation chromatography, optic and scanning electron microscopy, and FTIR spectroscopy

Ponomarenko S.A., Kurshev E.V., Lonskii S.L.
Ponomarenko S.A., Kurshev E.V., Lonskii S.L. Investigation of degradation mechanisms of thermoplastic polyurethane by storage at long times in aviation kerosene TS-1 by gel permeation chromatography, optic and scanning electron microscopy, and FTIR spectroscopy // Proceedings of VIAM. 2025. No. 2. DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2025-0-2-47-64. URL: https://test.viam.ru/en/journal/2025/2/4
Keywords
thermoplastic polyurethane, molecular weight, microstructural studies, microphase structure, aviation kerosene, degradation factors, long-time storage
Abstract

The article presents the results of the analysis of thermoplastic polyurethane samples in aviation kerosene TS-1 under various conditions. The results of the analysis of samples by gel permeation chromatography suggest the presence in the sample of components with unreacted functional groups that allow to reduce the impact of degradation factors under mild conditions. The study of the complex influence of more active factors using additional methods of analysis allowed us to better estimate the mechanism of material degradation and various characteristics of its decomposition zone.

Reference list
  1. Mazurin V.L. Polyurethane as a structural material of the 21st century. Nauchno-tekhnicheskie vedomosti Sankt-Peterburgskogo gosudarstvennogo politekhnicheskogo universiteta, 2013, no. 2 (171), pp. 165–170.
  2. Kuznetsov D.A. Segmented polyurethane-imide copolymers containing aromatic and aliphatic blocks: thesis, Cand. Sc. (Chem.). St. Petersburg, 2022, 124 p.
  3. Gorbunova M.A., Anokhin D.V., Badamshina E.R. Modern achievements in the field of production and use of thermoplastic partially crystalline polyurethanes with shape memory effect. Vysokomolekulyarnye soyedineniya. Ser.: B, 2020, vol. 62, no. 5, pp. 323–347.
  4. Lipatov Yu.S., Kercha Yu.Yu., Sergeeva L.M. Structure and properties of polyurethanes. Kiyv: Naukova Dumka, 1970, 279 p.
  5. Shilnikova N.V. Development of technologies for obtaining composite materials based on polyurethanes and natural cork: thesis, Cand. Sc. (Tech.). Kazan, 2002, 142 p.
  6. Kablov E.N. The strategic directions of development of materials and technologies of their processing for the period to 2030. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2012, no. S, pp. 7–17.
  7. Dedov A.V., Kolotilin D.V., Rybakov Yu.N. Permeability of thermoplastic polyurethanes for aviation kerosene storage tanks. Plasticheskie massy, 2021, no. 9–10, pp. 45–47.
  8. Zhdanov A.V. Analysis of modern technologies for the manufacture of pulsed-type individual housing construction. Biotekhnosfera, 2011, no. 4 (16), pp. 35–37.
  9. Chaykun A.M., Sergeyev A.V., Pravada E.S. Elastomeric-fabric materials for products of special equipment (review). Trudy VIAM, 2023, no. 6 (124), paper no. 03. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: August 26, 2024). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2023-0-6-25-37.
  10. Kablov E.N. The role of fundamental research in creating new generation materials. XXI Mendeleev Congress on General and Applied Chemistry: in 6 vols. St. Petersburg, 2019, vol. 4, p. 24.
  11. Kablov E.N. The role of chemistry in creating new generation materials for complex technical systems. XX Mendeleev Congress on General and Applied Chemistry. Ekaterinburg, 2016, pp. 25–26.
  12. Nesterov S.V., Bakirova I.N., Samuilov Ya.D. Thermal and thermo-oxidative degradation of polyurethanes: mechanisms, influencing factors, and basic methods for increasing thermal stability. Review based on materials from domestic and foreign publications. Vestnik Kazanskogo tekhnologicheskogo universiteta, 2011, no. 14, pp. 10–23.
  13. Gallyamov A.A. Structure, properties and application of polyurethane degradation products by di- and polyamines: thesis, Cand. Sc. (Tech.). Ekaterinburg, 2016, 163 p.
  14. Ponomarenko S.A., Shimkin A.A. Chromatographic methods of analysis: application possibilities in the aviation industry (review). Zavodskaya laboratoriya. Diagnostika materialov, 2017, no. 83 (4), pp. 5–13.
  15. Trathnigg B. Size-exclusion chromatography of polymers. Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry. Ed. Meyers R.A. Chichester: Wiley, 2000, pp. 8008–8034.
  16. Shimkin A.A., Ponomarenko S.A., Mukhametov R.R. Study of the curing process of diphthalonitrile binder. Zhurnal prikladnoy khimii, 2016, vol. 89, no. 2, pp. 256–264.
  17. Lem K.W., Haw J.R., Curran S. et al. Effect of Hard Segment Molecular Weight on Dilute Solution Properties of Ether Based Thermoplastic Polyurethanes. Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, 2013, no. 1 (3), pp. 123–133.
  18. Nguyen T.Q., Kausch H.H. GPC Data Interpretation in Mechanochemical Polymer Degradation. International Journal of polymer analysis and characterization, 1997, vol. 4 (5), pp. 447–470. DOI: 10.1080/10236669808009728.
  19. Novikov V.U., Kozitsky D.V., Deev I.S., Ivanova V.S., Kobets L.P. Multifractal analysis of the structure of polymethyl methacrylate studied by scanning electron microscopy. Plasticheskie massy, 2001, no. 1, pp. 7–9.
  20. Makushchenko I.S., Kozlov I.А., Smirnov D.N., Kurshev E.V., Lonskii S.L. Influence of cor-rosion inhibitors on the microstructure and vulcanization kinetics of polisulfide sealant. Trudy VIAM, 2024, no. 4 (134), paper no. 09. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: August 26, 2024). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2024-0-4-123-132.
  21. De Bruijn J.C.M., Meijer H.D.F. The design and application of a microfoil tensile test apparatus for monitoring the degree of ultraviolet degradation of polymers. Review of Scientific Instruments, 1991, no. 62, pp. 1620–1623.
  22. Thermoplastic polyurethane. Available at: https://www.vitur33.ru/publications/articles/articles_9.html (accessed: August 26, 2024).
  23. Yuan Y., Lin W., Xu L., Wang W. Recent Progress in Thermoplastic Polyurethane/MXene Nanocomposites: Preparation, Flame-Retardant Properties and Applications (review). Molecules, 2024, no. 29 (16). DOI: 10.3390/molecules29163880.
  24. Kablov E.N., Semenova L.V., Petrova G.N., Larionov S.A., Perfilova D.N. Polymer composite materials on a thermoplastic matrix. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Ser.: Khimiya i khimicheskaya tekhnologiya, 2016, vol. 59, no. 10, pp. 61–71.
  25. Kablov E.N., Kondrashov S.V., Melnikov A.A., Schur P.A. Application of functional and adaptive materials obtained by 3D printing (review). Trudy VIAM, 2022, no. 2 (108), paper no. 03. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: August 26, 2024). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2022-0-2-32-51.
  26. A guide to thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU). Available at: https://huntsman-pimcore.equisolve-dev.com/Documents/PU_Elastomers_Guide_to_TPU.pdf (accessed: August 26, 2024).
  27. Petrova G.N., Perfilova D.N., Starostina I.V., Sapego Yu.A. Research of ways of combination polyurethane thermoplastics with fluoropolymers. Trudy VIAM, 2019, no. 7 (79), paper no. 02. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: August 26, 2024). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2019-0-7-12-25.
  28. Kornev V.A., Rybakov Yu.N., Chirikov S.I. Structure and applicability assessment of thermoplastic elastomers for technical means of pumping and storing fuel. Problemy sovremennoy nauki i obrazovaniya, 2015, no. 11 (41), pp. 84–88.
  29. Production of polyurethane products. Aviation and rocket science. Reference information. Available at: https://npu-systems.ru/proizvodstvo-poliuretana/aviation-and-rocket-science-polyurethane (accessed: August 26, 2024).
  30. State Standard 10227–2013. Jet fuel. Technical conditions. Moscow: Standartinform, 2014, 14 p.
  31. Jet fuels (additives to jet fuels). Available at: https://necton-sea.ru/articles/reaktivnye_topliva_
  32. (prisadki_k_reaktivnym_toplivam)/ (accessed: August 26, 2024).
  33. All about kerosene TS-1. Available at: https://him-eksport.ru/info/articles/statia-o-kerosine-TS-1/ (accessed: August 26, 2024).
  34. Chemical resistance of polyurethane and thermoplastic polyurethane. Available at: https://esfonta.ru/index.php/poleznaya-informatsiya/khimicheskaya-ustojchivost-poliuretanov-i-tpu (accessed: August 26, 2024).
  35. Kablov E.N., Deev I.S., Efimov V.A., Kavun N.S., Kobets L.P., Nikishin E.F. Influence of atmospheric factors and mechanical stresses on microstructural features of destruction of polymer composite materials. VII Scientific Conference on Hydroaviation «Gidroaviasalon-2008». Moscow, 2008, pp. 279–286.
  36. Kablov E.N., Kulagina G.S., Zhelezina G.F., Lonskii S.L., Kurshev E.V. Microstructure research of the unidirectional organoplastic based on Rusar-NT aramid fibers and epoxy-polysulfone binder. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2020, no. 4 (61), pp. 19–26. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2020-0-4-19-26.
  37. Kurshev E.V., Lonskii S.L., Mekalina I.V. Influence of long climatic aging on microstructure of surface of organic glass in semi-arid and subtropical climate. Trudy VIAM, 2018, no. 3 (109), paper no. 02. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: August 26, 2024). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2022-0-3-15-26.
  38. Zhang Y. A spectroscopic study of the degradation of polyurethane coil coatings: dissertation PhD. London: Queen Mary University of London, 2012, 227 p.
  39. Deev I.S., Kuklin E.A. Features of the formation of the microphase structure of polymethyl methacrylate organic glasses and its changes under aging conditions. Materialovedenie, 2014, no. 4, pp. 43–50.
  40. Deev I.S., Kobets L.P. Structure formation in filled thermosetting polymers. Kolloidnyy zhurnal, 1999, vol. 61, no. 5, pp. 650–660.
  41. Deev I.S., Kobets L.P. Microstructure of epoxy matrices. Mechanics of composite materials, 1986, no. 1, рр. 3–8.
  42. State Standard R 57941–2017. Polymer composites. Infrared spectroscopy. Qualitative analysis. Moscow: Standartinform, 2017, 24 p.
  43. State Standard R 57268.3–2016 (ISO 16014-3:2012). Polymer composites. Determination of average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of polymers by size-exclusion chromatography. Part 3. Low-temperature method. Moscow: Standartinform, 2016, 18 p.
  44. Tarasevich B.N. IR spectra of the main classes of organic compounds: reference materials. Moscow, 2012, 54 p.
  45. Moroi G. Influence of ion species on the thermal degradation of polyurethane interaction products with transition metal ions. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2004, vol. 71 (2), pp. 485–500.