The influence of spatial orientation of the filler in unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced plastics on the heat release characteristics during combustion

Barbotko S.L., Bochenkov M.M., Klimenko O.N.
Barbotko S.L., Bochenkov M.M., Klimenko O.N. The influence of spatial orientation of the filler in unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced plastics on the heat release characteristics during combustion // Proceedings of VIAM. 2026. No. 6. DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2026-0-6-166-175. URL: https://test.viam.ru/en/journal/2026/6/15
Keywords
fire safety, heat release, polymer composite material, carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP), unidirectional material, influence of reinforcement pattern
Abstract

This study examined the effect of filler spatial orientation in polymer composite materials on fire hazard characteristics – heat release during combustion. The materials studied were carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRPs) based on carbon tow and unidirectional carbon fabric. It was found that depending on the orientation of the specimen in the test holder (vertical filler fiber direction – [0°] or horizontal – [90°]), the heat release characteristics change, with the maximum heat release rate changing.

Reference list
  1. Startsev V.O., Antipov V.V., Slavin A.V., Gorbovets M.A. Modern domestic polymer composite materials for aviation industry (review). Aviation materials and technologies, 2023, no. 2 (71), pp. 122–144. Available at: http://www.journal.viam.ru (accessed: January 12, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2023-0-2-122-144.
  2. Slavin A.V., Donetskiy K.I., Khrulkov A.V. Prospects for the use of polymer composite materials in aircraft structures in 2025–2035 (review). Trudy VIAM, 2022, no. 11 (117), pp. 81–92. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: January 12, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2022-0-11-81-92.
  3. Erasov V.S., Sibayev I.G. Scheme for the development and evaluation of properties of structural aviation composite materials. Aviation materials and technologies, 2023, no. 1 (70), pp. 61–81. Available at: http://www.journal.viam.ru (accessed: January 12, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2023-0-1-61-81.
  4. Kan A.Ch., Zhelezina G.F., Kulagina G.S., Ayupov T.R. Fire safety of structural organic plastics reinforced with aramid fabrics. Aviation materials and technologies, 2022, no. 4 (69), pp. 51–60. Available at: http://www.journal.viam.ru (accessed: January 12, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2022-0-4-51-60.
  5. Veshkin E.A., Slavin A.V., Postnova M.V., Apalkova A.V. The role of temperature-time curing conditions in the formation of unidirectional and equally strong carbon fiber plastics properties. Aviation materials and technologies, 2025, no. 2 (79), pp. 59–71. Available at: http://www.journal.viam.ru (accessed: January 12, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2025-0-2-59-71.
  6. Marakhovskij P.S., Barinov D.Ya., Shorstov S.Yu., Vorobev N.N. On creation of physical and mathematical models of heat and mass transfer during manufacturing by additive technologies (review). Aviation materials and technologies, 2022, no. 2 (67), pp. 111–119. Available at: http://www.journal.viam.ru (accessed: January 12, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2022-0-2-111-119.
  7. Cambell S., Jensen M., Sattayatam P. Flammability Standardization Task Group – Final Reports: Federal Aviation Administration Draft Policy Memo, AMN-115-09-XXX, August 20, 2009: FAA Report DOT/FAA/TC-12/10, 2012, 881 p. Available at: www.abbottaerospace.com/downloads/
  8. dot-faa-tc-12-10-flammability-standartization-task-group-final-reports-faa-draft-policy-memo-amn-
  9. 115-09-xxx-8-20-2019/?wpdmdl=375748&ind=1500917973133 (accessed: January 12, 2026).
  10. Barbotko S.L., Volny O.S., Kiriyenko O.A., Shurkova E.N. Fire safety assessment of polymeric materials for aviation purposes. Ed. E.N. Kablov. Moscow: VIAM, 2018, 408 p.
  11. Барботько С.Л. Тепловыделение при горении полимерных материалов авиационного назначения: дис. … канд. техн. наук. М., 1999, 148 с.
  12. Sidorina A.I., Safronov A.M. Study of the resistance of carbon fibers to oxidation. Trudy VIAM, 2022, no. 7 (113), pp. 63–73. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: January 12, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2022-0-7-63-73.
  13. Barbotko S.L., Dementyeva L.A., Serezhenkov A.A. Combustibility of fiberglass and carbon fiber reinforced plastics based on adhesive prepregs. Klei. Germetiki. Tekhnologii, 2008, no. 7, pp. 29–31.
  14. Barbotko S.L., Izotova T.F. Influence of fiberglass structure on heat release during combustion. Pozharovzryvobezopasnost, 2011, vol. 20, no. 9, pp. 17–21.
  15. Shurkova E.N., Volny O.S., Izotova T.F., Barbotko S.L. Research of possibility of decrease in heat release when burning composite material by change of its structure. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2012, no. 1, pp. 27–30.
  16. Garashchenko A.N., Vinogradov A.V., Kobylkov N.V., Nikolchenkin A.A., Antipov E.A. Experimental and computational modeling of fire and thermal protection composite materials under high-temperature exposure. Aviation materials and technologies, 2022, no. 3 (68), pp. 84–97. Available at: http://www.journal.viam.ru (accessed: January 12, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2022-0-3-84-97.
  17. Airworthiness standards for transport category aircraft NLG 25: approved by Order of the Federal Air Transport Agency dated December 27, 2022 No. 961-P. Available at: https://old.favt.gov.ru/
  18. public/materials/f/a/2/a/1/fa2a15afd4447e2d98ec15d70297a04a.pdf (accessed: January 12, 2026).
  19. Airworthiness standards for transport category aircraft: AP-25: approved by Resolution of the 28th session of the Aviation and Airspace Use Council. 8th ed. with amendments 1-11. St. Petersburg: SZ RTsAI, 2025, 358 p. Available at: https://armakstandard.com/book/авиационные-правила-25-нормы-летной-годности-самолетов-транспортной-категории-ру-конс-12437 (accessed: January 12, 2026).
  20. Certification Specifications and Acceptable Means of Compliance for Large Aeroplanes (CS 25). Amendment 28, 1515 p. Available at: https://www.easa.europa.eu/en/document-library/certification-specifications/group/cs-25-large-aeroplanes#cs-25-large-aeroplanes (accessed: January 12, 2026).
  21. Federal Regulations. Part 25 – Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category Airplanes. Available at: http://https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-14/chapter-I/subchapter-C/part-25?toc=1 (accessed: January 12, 2026).
  22. Rehn S. Vertical Bunsen Burner Testing of 3-D Printed Material. International Aircraft Materials Fire Test Forum. Cologne, 2019, 12 p. Available at: http: www.fire.tc.faa.gov/ppt/
  23. materials/June19Meeting/Rehn-0619-AdditiveManufacturing.pptx (accessed: January 12, 2026).
  24. Rehn S., Keslar D. Relationship between 3-D printed materials and flammability. International Aircraft Materials Fire Test Forum. 2021. 25 p. Available at: https://www.fire.tc.faa.gov/
  25. pdf/materials/April21Meeting/Rehn-0421-AdditiveManufacturingTesting.pdf (accessed: January 12, 2026).
  26. Keslar D., Rehn S. Relationship between 3-D printed materials and flammability. Tenth Triennial International Aircraft Fire and Cabin Safety Researche Conference. 2022. 21 p. URL:http:www.fire.tc.faa.gov/2022Conference/files/Cabin_Flight_Deck_Fire_Protection_I/Keslar3DPrint_Pres.pdf (дата обращения: January 12, 2026).
  27. Keslar D., Rehn S. An Evaluation of the Flammability of 3D Printed Part Parameters Using the Vertical Bunsen Burner Test Method: Technical Report DOT/FAA/TCTN-23/65. US Department of Transportetion, Federal Aviation Administration, W.J. Hughes Technical Center, 2023, 85 p. Available at: https://www.fire.tc.faa.gov/pdf/tctn23-65.pdf (accessed: January 12, 2026).
  28. Barbotko S.L., Volnyj O.S., Postnov V.I., Shurkova E.N. Investigation of the effect of reinforcement structures on fire hazard characteristics of the fiberglass. Trudy VIAM, 2019, no. 4 (76), pp. 108–120. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: January 12, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2019-0-4-108-120.
  29. Barbotko S.L., Volnyj O.S., Marakhovskii P.S. Investigation of the influence of the rein-forcement scheme on the combustibility characteristics of carbon fiber reinforced polymer material. Trudy VIAM, 2019, no. 10 (82), pp. 103–110. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: January 12, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2019-0-10-103-110.
  30. Gulyaev I.N., Pavlovskiy K.A. High modulus carbon plastics for civil aviation equipment (review). Trudy VIAM, 2023, no. 3 (121), pp. 95–106. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: January 12, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2023-0-3-95-106.
  31. Barannikov A.A., Veshkin E.A., Savitsky R.S., Slavin A.V. On the question of manufacturing fire-resistant and fireproof hoods of helicopter power plant engine nacholds from polymer composite materials. Part 1. Trudy VIAM, 2025, no. 8 (150), pp. 123–133. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: January 12, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2025-0-8-123-133.
  32. Erasov V.S., Sibayev I.G., Sutubalov A.I. Testing of samples from three-layer structures with honeycomb filler. Trudy VIAM, 2025, no. 10 (152), pp. 133–155. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: January 12, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2025-0-10-133-155.
  33. Kablov E.N. Innovative developments of FSUE «VIAM» SSC of RF on realization of «Strategic directions of the development of materials and technologies of their processing for the period until 2030». Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2015, no. 1 (34), pp. 3–33. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2015-0-1-3-33.
  34. Gamazina A.V., Kurnosov A.O., Vavilova M.I., Kochetov N.R. Investigation of fiberglass properties based on the melt binder VSE-1212 for radio engineering purposes. Trudy VIAM, 2024, no. 12 (142), pp. 56–65. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: January 12, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2024-0-12-56-65.
  35. Platonov A.A., Dushin M.I. Carbon composites VKU-25 based on unidirectional prepregs. Trudy VIAM, 2015, no. 11, pp. 50–54. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: January 12, 2026). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2015-0-11-6-6.