Fillers used to create wear-resistant paint and varnish coatings (review)

Timoshina E.A., Kuznetsova V.A., Marchenko S.A., Zheleznyak V.G.
Timoshina E.A., Kuznetsova V.A., Marchenko S.A., Zheleznyak V.G. Fillers used to create wear-resistant paint and varnish coatings (review) // Proceedings of VIAM. 2026. No. 6. DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2026-0-6-141-153. URL: https://test.viam.ru/en/journal/2026/6/13
Keywords
fillers, structure, physical and mechanical properties, wear resistance, coatings, nanosized fillers
Abstract

This article considers the current state and key development trends in the development of wear-resistant paint and varnish coatings for interiors in the aviation and construction industries. It summarizes the key principles of developing wear-resistant paint and varnish coatings. The main types of fillers used to produce wear-resistant paint and varnish coatings are discussed. The key approaches to ensuring the wear resistance of filled polymer coatings are identified.

Reference list
  1. Marchenko S.A., Zheleznyak V.G., Kuznetsova V.A. Application and modification of particles to create superhydrophobic coatings (review). Trudy VIAM, 2023, no. 5 (123), pp. 94–110. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: November 21, 2025). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2023-0-5-94-110.
  2. Zheleznyak V.G. Modern paint and varnish materials for use in aviation equipment products. Trudy VIAM, 2019, no. 5 (77), pp. 62–67. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: October 17, 2025). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2019-0-5-62-67.
  3. Kablov E.N., Laptev A.B., Prokopenko A.N., Gulyaev A.I. Relaxation of polymeric composite materials under the prolonged action of static load and climate (review). Part 1. Binders. Aviation materials and technologies, 2021, no. 4 (65), pp. 70–80. Available at: http://www.journal.viam.ru (accessed: December 02, 2025). DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2021-0-4-70-80.
  4. Kuznetsova V.A., Timoshina E.A., Shapovalov G.G., Zheleznyak V.G. Trends in the development of matte wear-resistant paint coatings. Trudy VIAM, 2023, no. 10 (128), pp. 132–144. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: July 14, 2025). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2023-0-10-132-144.
  5. Kuznetsova V.A., Deev I.S., Zheleznyak V.G., Silaeva A.A. Anti wear coating with quasicrystal filler. Trudy VIAM, 2018, no. 3 (63), pp. 68–76. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: October 17, 2025). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2018-0-3-68-76.
  6. Bartenev G.M., Lavrentev V.V. Friction and wear of polymers. Leningrad: Khimia, 1972, 240 p.
  7. Gupta B.R. Friction and wear mechanism of polymers, their composites and nanocomposites. Tribology of Polymer, Polymer Composites, and Polymer Nanocomposites. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2023, pp. 51–117.
  8. Kuznetsova V.A., Marchenko S.A., Emelyanov V.V., Zheleznyak V.G. Study of the influence of molecular mass of epoxy oligomers and hardeners on the operational properties of paint coatings. Aviation materials and technology, 2021, no. 1 (62), pp. 71–79. Available at: http://www.journal.viam.ru (accessed: November 11, 2025). DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2021-0-1-71-79.
  9. Merkulova Yu.I., Kuznetsova V.A., Kodachenko E.N., Zheleznyak V.G. Study of the influence of the primer layer’s chemical nature on the properties of the coating system based on fluoropolyurethane enamel. Aviation materials and technologies, 2022, no. 1 (66), pp. 110–119. Available at: http://www.journal.viam.ru (ассеssed: November 19, 2025). DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2022-0-1-110-119.
  10. Romanova A.V., Sokolova E.A., Razuvaev A.V. Protective wear-resistant coatings of machine parts. Modern innovations in science and technology: collection of scientific papers of the 9th All-Rus. sci. and tech. conf. with int. participation. Kursk, 2019, pp. 313–316.
  11. Gohardani O. Impact of erosion testing aspects on current and future flight conditions. Progress in Aerospace Science, 2011, vol. 47, pp. 280–303.
  12. Gerasimova L.G., Skorokhodova O.N. Fillers for the paint and varnish industry. Moscow: LKM-press, 2010, 224 p.
  13. Kozlova A.A., Kondrashov E.K. Influence of molecular weight and elemental composition of isocyanates on the properties of fluoropolyurethane enamels. Aviation materials and technologies, 2023, no. 4 (73), pp. 92–100. Available at: http://www.journal.viam.ru (accessed: November 24, 2025). DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2023-0-4-92-100.
  14. Kovrizhkina N.A., Kuznetsova V.A., Silaeva A.A., Marchenko S.A. Ways to improve the properties of paint coatings by adding different fillers (review). Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2019, no. 4 (57), pp. 41–48. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2019-0-4-41-48.
  15. Kuznetsova V.A., Silaeva A.A., Emelyanov V.V., Marchenko S.A. Influence of manufacturing techniques of the disperse reinforced paint and varnish materials on operational properties of coverings on their basis. Trudy VIAM, 2019, no. 6 (78), pp. 75–83. Available at: http://viam-works.ru (accessed: October 10, 2025). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2019-0-6-75-83.
  16. Hennebelle F., Najjar D., Bigerelle M., Iost A. Influence of the morphological texture on the low wear damage of paint coated sheets. Progress in Organic Coatings, 2006, vol. 56, pp. 81–89.
  17. Jian Z., Wen-Guang L., Hui Y. et al. Improvement of wear-resistance and anti-corrosion of waterborne epoxy coating by synergistic modification of glass flake with phytic acid and Zn2+. Ceramics International, 2023, vol. 49 (11), рр. 17910–17920.
  18. Shibo C., Changqing Y., Yi W. et al. Developing polydopamine modified molybdenum disulfide/epoxy resin powder coatings with enhanced anticorrosion performance and wear resistance on magnesium lithium alloys. Journal of Magnesium and Alloys, 2022, vol. 10 (9), pp. 2534–2545.
  19. Shaofeng Z., Jin Y., Huimin Y. et al. ZrO2-anchored rGO nanohybrid for simultaneously enhancing the wear resistance and anticorrosion performance of multifunctional epoxy coatings. Progress in Organic Coatings, 2022, vol. 166, p. 106795.
  20. Leifeng S., Han Y., Shan Z. et al. A durable superhydrophobic composite coating towards superior anticorrosion/wear properties. Applied Surface Science, 2024, vol. 655, p. 159662.
  21. Yushan H., Xiaoqiang F., Yin H. et al. Experimental and theoretical evaluations on the parallel-aligned graphene oxide hybrid epoxy composite coating toward wear resistance. Carbon, 2024, vol. 217, p. 118629.
  22. Makarenko O.A. Increasing the wear resistance of the epoxy composition for the inner surface of vertical steel tubes by introducing flaky fillers into the composition. Neftegazovoe delo, 2008, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 200–204.
  23. Valko N.G., Globa A.I., Kasperovich A.V., Dukhovich Yu.V. Structure and properties of paint and varnish coatings modified with hollow glass microspheres. Vestnik GGU im. Yanki Kupaly, 2020, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 95–102.
  24. Kotnarowska D. Kinetics of wear of epoxide coating modified with glass microspheres and exposed to the impact of alundum particles. Progress in Organic Coatings, 1997, vol. 31 (4), pp. 325–330.
  25. Yanbao G., Zheng Z., Zhiqiang C., Deguo W. Wear behavior of hollow glass beads (HGB) reinforced nitrile butadiene rubber: Effects of silane coupling agent and filler content. Materials today Communications, 2019, vol. 19, pp. 366–373.
  26. Qinqin S., Fubin W., Yuewen H., Bin W. Abrasion resistant semitransparent self-cleaning coatings based on porous silica microspheres and polydimethylsiloxane. Ceramics International, 2019, vol. 45 (1), pp. 401–408.
  27. Kvasnikov M.Yu., Kiselev M.R., Kamedchikov A.V., Tochilkina E.O. Wear-resistant composite paint and varnish coatings with increased chemical resistance obtained by electrodeposition on a cathode. Zhurnal prikladnoy khimii, 2017, vol. 90, no. 6, pp. 713–723.
  28. Shiqiang Z., Xiaohua J., Song L. et al. Epoxy/polytetrafluoro-wax composite coatings demonstrate remarkable wear resistance, offering rapid and durable cyclic self-healing capabilities facilitated by the «sweating» behavior of polytetrafluoro-wax. Progress in Organic Coatings, 2024, vol. 188, p. 108227.
  29. Hadi K., Milad R., Sepideh A.-I. Durable superhydrophobic PTFE-rich/Acrylic rGO Loaded Self-lubricating Coating to Advance Wear and Long-time Corrosion: Experimental studies and molecular dynamics simulation of friction and corrosive agents penetration. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2025, vol. 713, p. 136518.
  30. Pengyan Z., Jin Y., Huimin Y. et al. Wear and corrosion resistance of self-healing epoxy coatings filled by polydopamine-modified graphene oxide assembly of polysulfone double-walled microcapsules. Progress in Organic Coatings, 2023, vol. 177, p. 107416.
  31. Zhongpan Z., Xiaoqiang F., Yawen Z. et al. A novel biphasic epoxy coating reinforced with composite oil microdroplets for ultra-low friction and wear. Carbon, 2025, vol. 245, p. 120847.
  32. Jiajun B., Qian W., Yiran Z. et al. Preparation and properties of wear resistant thermochromic superhydrophobic coatings. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2025, vol. 707, p. 135882.
  33. Xinyi C., Lu Y., Hongqiang C. et al. High wear-resistant superhydrophobic coating based on urchin-like TiO2/epoxy composite for concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 2025, vol. 496, p. 143837.
  34. Vahe V., Bouddah P., Véronic L. et al. Wear resistance of nanocomposite coatings. Anti-Abrasive Nanocoatings. Elsevier, 2015, pp. 201–223.
  35. Qian Z., Wu Y., Zhao W. Constructing coral-like PDA layer on glass fiber to enhance the erosion resistance of epoxy coating. Chemical Physics Letters, 2024, vol. 841, p. 141199.
  36. Wang X., Zhang X., Ma Y. et al. Highly efficient photothermal self-healing wear-resistant and anti-corrosion coating reinforced by CF@PDA@Cu2O nanocomposite. Progress in Organic Coatings, 2025, vol. 207, p. 109393.
  37. Muslim N.B., Hamzah A.F., Al-kawaz A.E. Study of mechanical properties of wollastonite filled epoxy functionally graded composite. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 2018, vol. 9, pp. 669–677.
  38. Xian G., Walter R., Haupert F. Comparative study of the mechanical and wear performance of short carbon fibers and mineral particles (wollastonite, CaSiO3) filled epoxy composites. Journal of Polymer Science. Part B: Polymer Physics, 2006, vol. 44, pp. 854–863.
  39. Mudra E., Shepa I., Hrubovcakova M. et al. Highly wear-resistant alumina/graphene layered and fiber-reinforced composites. Wear, 2021, vol. 484–485, p. 204026.
  40. Naderizadeh S., Athanassiou A., Bayer I.S. Interfacing superhydrophobic silica nanoparticle films with graphene and thermoplastic polyurethane for wear/abrasion resistance. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2018, vol. 519, pp. 285–295.
  41. Lygdenov V.Ts., Syzrantsev V.V., Bardakhanov S.P. et al. Study of the influence of silicon dioxide nanoparticles on the properties of paint and varnish coatings made of perchlorovinyl enamel. Prikladnaya mekhanika i tekhnicheskaya fizika, 2020, vol. 61, no. 5, pp. 246–254. DOI: 10.15372/pmtf20200525.
  42. Yang Y., Tu Y., Gui X. et al. Facile fabrication of wear-resistant, fluorine-free, strongly adhesive superhydrophobic coating based on modified SiO2/silicone nanocomposites. Progress in Organic Coatings, 2023, vol. 182, p. 107694.
  43. Jintao G., Jianfeng L., Ting H. et al. Enhanced anticorrosion and wear resistance of epoxy coatings via surface amphiphilic functionalization of silica fillers. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2025, vol. 722, p. 137198.
  44. Sun N., Hou Z., Jiang Z. et al. Facile modification of sepiolite and its application in wear-resistant and superhydrophobic epoxy coatings by mimicking the structure of shark skin. Applied Clay Science, 2025, vol. 264, p. 107642.
  45. Znosko K.F., Nuretdinov S.A., Yurgo A.G., Kazmin A.A. Corrosion resistance and wear resistance of paint and varnish coatings modified with carbon nanoparticles. Vestnik GGU im. Yanki Kupaly, 2023, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 76–87.
  46. Ignatovich L.V., Bartashevich A.A., Bakhar L.M., Utgof S.S. Improving the performance properties of paint and varnish coatings of parquet floors. Trudy BGTU, 2011, no. 2, pp. 158–160.
  47. Wang Z., Man T., Nong Z. et al. Preparation and performances of conductive, wear-resistant, and anti-corrosion coatings based on low content monodisperse SWCNTs. Diamond and Related Materials, 2024, vol. 150, p. 111694.
  48. Xinyuan Z., Yuqian X., Di Z. et al. Robust and wear-durable coating based on halloysite nanotubes/polymer composite for passive daytime radiative cooling. Composites Science and Technology, 2024, vol. 251, p. 110566.
  49. Xueting C., Xiaoqiu C., Qingyun Z. et al. Alumina nanoparticles-reinforced graphene-containing waterborne polyurethane coating for enhancing corrosion and wear resistance. Corrosion Communications, 2021, vol. 4, pp. 1–11.
  50. Liu Т., Zhang C., Qu D. et al. Enhanced anti-corrosion and wear resistance of epoxy coatings through ploy(2-aminothiazole)-modified Mxene. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2025, vol. 725, part 1, p. 137554.