Parameters that influence the formation of porosity in the products made of polymer composite materials (PCM) produced by out-of-autoclave methods
Dushin M.I., Khrulkov A.V., Karavaev R.Y. Parameters that influence the formation of porosity in the products made of polymer composite materials (PCM) produced by out-of-autoclave methods // Proceedings of VIAM. 2015. No. 2. DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2015-0-2-10-10. URL: https://test.viam.ru/en/journal/2015/2/10
Abstract
Causes of porosity formation in the products made of polymer composite materials prepared by the autoclave and out-of-autoclave methods are discussed in the paper and recommendations for porosity reduction are given.
Reference list
- Mihajlin Ju.A. Konstrukcionnye polimernye kompozicionnye materialy [Structural polymer composite materials]. SPb.: Nauchnye osnovy i tehnologi. 2008. 822 s.
- Brautman L. Razrushenie i ustalost' [Destruction and fatigue]. M.: Mir. 1978. 153 s.
- ASTM D/Void Content of Reinforced Plastic.
- Tavares S.S., Michaud V., Manson J.A.E. Through thickness air permeability of prepregs during cure //Composites. A. 2009. V. 40. P. 1587–1596.
- Thomas S., Nutt S.R. In situ estimation of though-thickness resin flow using ultrasound //Compos. Sci. Technol. 2008. V. 68. P. 3093–3098.
- Tavares S.S., Michaud V., Manson J.A.E. Assessment of semi-impregnated fabrics in honeycomb sandwich structures //Composites. A. 2010. V. 41. P. 8–15.
- Jackson K., Crabtree M. Autoclave guality composites tooling for composite from vacuum bag only processing /In: 47-th International SAMPLE symposium. 2002. P. 800–807.
- Repecka L., Boyd J. Vacuum-bag-only-curable prepregs that produce void-free parts /In: 47-th International SAMPLE symposium. 2002. P. 1862–1875.
- Kablov E.N. Strategicheskie napravlenija razvitija materialov i tehnologij ih pererabotki na period do 2030 goda [Strategic directions of development of materials and technologies to process them for the period up to 2030] //Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii. 2012. №S. S. 7–17.
- Kablov E.N., Kondrashov S.V., Jurkov G.Ju. Perspektivy ispol'zovanija uglerodsoderzhashhih nanochastic v svjazujushhih dlja polimernyh kompozicionnyh materialov [Prospects for the use of carbonaceous nanoparticles in binders for polymer composites] //Rossijskie nanotehnologii. 2013. T. 8. №3–4. S. 24–42.
- Kablov E.N., Starcev O.V., Deev I.S., Nikishin E.F. Svojstva polimernyh kompozicionnyh materialov posle vozdejstvija otkrytogo kosmosa na okolozemnyh orbitah [Properties of polymer composition-tional materials after exposure to the open space in Earth orbits] //Vse materialy. Jenciklopedicheskij spravochnik. 2012. №11. S. 2–16.
- Kablov E.N. Materialy i himicheskie tehnologii dlja aviacionnoj tehniki [Materials and chemical technologies, aircraft] //Vestnik Rossijskoj akademii nauk. 2012. T. 82. №6. S. 520–530.
- Grashhenkov D.V., Chursova L.V. Strategija razvitija kompozicionnyh i funkcional'nyh materialov [The development strategy of composite and functional materials] //Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii. 2012. №S. S. 231–242.
- Hrul'kov A.V., Dushin M.I., Popov Ju.O., Kogan D.I. Issledovanija i razrabotka avto-klavnyh i bezavtoklavnyh tehnologij formovanija PCM [Research and development autoclave and non-autoclave molding technology PCM] //Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii. 2012. №S. S. 292–301.
- Dushin M.I., Hrul'kov A.V., Muhametov R.R. Vybor tehnologicheskih parametrov avtoklavnogo formovanija detalej iz polimernyh kompozicionnyh materialov [The choice of process parameters autoclave molding parts from polymeric composite materials] //Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii. 2011. №3. S. 20–26.
- Jepoksidnoe svjazujushee, prepreg na ego osnove i izdelie, vypolnennoe iz nego [Svyazuyushee epoxy prepreg at its base and a product made therefrom]: pat. 2424259 Ros. Federacija; opubl. 22.10.2009.
- Muhametov R.R., Ahmadieva K.R., Kim M.A., Babin A.N. Rasplavnye svjazujushhie dlja perspektivnyh metodov izgotovlenija PCM novogo pokolenija [Melt binders promising methods of manufacture of a new generation of PCM] //Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii. 2012. №S. S. 260–265.
- Muhametov R.R., Ahmadieva K.R., Chursova L.V., Kogan D.I. Novye polimernye svjazujushhie dlja perspektivnyh metodov izgotovlenija konstrukcionnyh voloknistyh PCM [New polymeric binders for advanced manufacturing methods of structural fiber PCM] //Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii. 2011. №2. S. 38–42.
- Dushin M.I., Hrul'kov A.V., Muhametov R.R., Chursova L.V. Osobennosti izgotovlenija izdelij iz PCM metodom propitki pod davleniem [Especially the manufacture of PCM by pressure impregnation] //Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii. 2012. №1. S. 18–26.
- Dushin M.I., Hrul'kov A.V., Platonov A.A., Ahmadieva K.R. Bezavtoklavnoe formovanie ugleplastikov na osnove prepregov, poluchennyh po rastvornoj tehnologii [Bezavtoklavnogo molding CFRP-based prepregs obtained by mortar technology] //Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii. 2012. №2. S. 43–48.
- Grunenfelder L.K., Nutt S.R. Void formation in composite prepregs – effect of dissolved moisture //Composites Science and Technology. 2010. V. 70. P. 2304–2309.
- Kardos J.L., Dudukovic M.P., Dave R. Void growth and resin transport during processing of thermosetting-matrix composites //Adv. Polym. Sci. 1986. V. 80. P. 102–123.
- Olivier P., Cottu J.P., Ferret B. Effects of cure cycle pressure and voids on some mechanical properties of carbon/epoxy laminates //Composites. 1995. V. 26 (7). P. 509–515.
- Costa M.L., Almedia S.F.M., Rezende M.C. The influence of porosity on the interlaminar shear strength of carbon/epoxy and carbon/bismaleimide fabric laminates //Compos. Sci. Technol. 2001. V. 61. P. 2101–2108.
- Campbell F.C., Mallow A.R. Porosity in carbon fiber composites, an overview of causes //J. Adv. Mater. 1994. P. 18–23.
- Wood J.R., Bader M.G. Void control for polymer-matrix composites (1) theoretical and experimental evaluation of a diffusion model for the growth and collapse of gas bubbles //Compos. Manuf. 1994. №5(3). P. 149–158.
- Scriven L.E. On the dynamics of phase growth //Chen. End Sci. 1959. №10 (1/2). P. 1–13.
- Subramanian R.S., Weinberg M.C. The role of convective transport in the dissolution or growth of a gas bubble //J. Chem. Phys. 1980. V. 72(12). P. 6811–6813.
- Liu L., Zhang B., Wu Z., Wang D. Effects of cure pressure induced voids on the mechanical strength of carbon/epoxy laminates //J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 2005. V. 21(1). P. 87–91.
- Boey F.Y.C., Lye S.W. Void reduction in autoclave processing of thermoset composites part 1: high pressure effects on void reduction //Composites. 1992. V. 23(4). P. 261–265.
- Hayward J.S., Harris B. Effect of process variables on the quality of RTM mouldings //Sampe J. 1990. V. 26(3). P. 39–46.
- Hayward J.S., Harris B. Effect of vacuum assistance in resin transfer moulding //Compos. Manuf.1990. №1(33). P. 161–166.
- Lundstrom T.S., Gebart B.R., Lundemo C.Y. Void formation in RTM /In: The 49-th annual conference. Composite Institute of the Society of the Plastics Industry. 1992. Session 16-F.
- Patel N., Lee L.J. Effect of fiber mat architecture on void formation and removal in liquid composite molding //Polym. Compos. 1995. V. 16(5). P. 386–399.
- Greszczuk L.B. Effect of voids on strength properties of filamentary composites /In: Proceedings of 22-nd annual meeting of the reinforced plastics. Division of the Society of the Plastics Industry. 1967. P. 20(A-1)–20(A-10).
- Rudobashta S.P. Massoperenos v sistemah s tverdoj fazoj [Mass transfer systems with a solid phase]. M.: Himija. 1980. 248 s.
- Patel N., Rohatgi V., Lee L.J. Modeling of void formation and removal in liquid composite molding. Part II. Model development //Polym. Compos. 1996. V. 17(1). P. 104–114.
- Chen Y.T., Davis H.T., Macosko C.W. Wetting of fiber mats for composite manufacturing. Part I. Visualization experiments AlChE //Polym. Compos. 1995. V. 41(10). P. 2261–2273.
- Rohatgi V., Patel N., Lee L.J. Experimental investigation of flow induced microvoids during impregnation of unidirectional stitched fiberglass mat //Polym. Compos. 1996. V. 17(2). P. 161–170.
- Patel N., Rohatgi V., Lee L.J. Micro scale flow behavior and void formation mechanism during impregnation through a unidirectional stitched fiberglass //Mat. Polym. Eng. Sci. 1995. V. 35(10). P. 837–851.
- Kotov V., Pashhenko E. Kompleks dlja razrabotki i optimizacii tehnologij propitki kompozitnyh konstrukcij [Complex for the development and optimization of composite structures technology impregnation] //Ajerokosmicheskij kur'er. 2010. №3–4. S. 75.
- Vojuckij S.S. Fiziko-himicheskie osnovy propityvanija impregnirovanija voloknistyh materialov dispersijami polimerov [Physico-chemical basis impregnation impregnation of fibrous materials polymer dispersions]. M.: Himija. 1969. 334 s.
- Vacuum resin impregnation process: pat. 4942013 US; pabl. 17.07.1990.
- Double bag vacuum in fusion process: pat. 7413694 US; pabl. 07.12.2000.
- Method and device for producing fiber – reinforced components am injection method: pat. 68353 WO; pabl. 20.09.2001.
- Sposob izgotovlenija voloknistyh kompozitov vakuumnoj infuziej i ustrojstvo dlja osushhestvlenija sposoba [A method of manufacturing fiber composites vacuum infusion and apparatus for wasp-out the process]: pat. 2480335 Ros. Federacija; opubl. 2006.
