Investigation of the properties of carbon fiber reinforced plastic with coatings after 8 and 13 years of weathering in moderately warm climate

Part 1. Moisture content and diffusion coefficients
Startsev O.V., Koval T.V., Krotov A.S., Dvirnaya E.V., Veligodsky I.M.
UDC
620.1:678.8
DOI
10.18577/2307-6046-2024-0-10-94-108
Article PDF (Russian) (1.14 MB)
How to cite
Startsev O.V., Koval T.V., Krotov A.S., Dvirnaya E.V., Veligodsky I.M. Investigation of the properties of carbon fiber reinforced plastic with coatings after 8 and 13 years of weathering in moderately warm climate. Part 1. Moisture content and diffusion coefficients // Proceedings of VIAM. 2024. No. 10. DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2024-0-10-94-108. URL: https://test.viam.ru/en/journal/2024/10/9
Keywords
carbon fiber reinforced plastic, fluoroepoxide coating, acrylic coating, natural weathering, drying, moistening, moisture diffusion, anisotropy
Abstract

Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) KMKU-2m.120, protected by fluoroepoxide VE-46 and acrylic AC-1115 coatings, was exposed to natural weathering conditions in the moderately warm climate of Gelendzhik for 8 and 13 years of exposure. The moisture transfer kinetics in aged CFRP is studied. Fick and Langmuir one-dimensional and three-dimensional models were used to fit the experimental data:  the relative change in the mass of samples of different shapes and sizes. The influence of the coating type and color, duration of natural weathering on moisture content and moisture diffusion coefficients (in-plane and transverse directions) was studied.

Reference list
  1. Irving P., Soutis C. Polymer composites in the aerospace industry. Cambridge: 2nd ed. Woodhead Publishing, 2019, 688 p.
  2. Startsev V.O., Antipov V.V., Slavin A.V., Gorbovets M.A. Modern domestic polymer composite materials for aviation industry (review). Aviation materials and technologies, 2023, no. 2 (71), paper no. 10. Available at: http://www.journal.viam.ru (accessed: March 14, 2024). DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2023-0-2-122-144.
  3. Kablov E.N., Startsev V.O. Systematical analysis of the climatics influence on mechanical properties of the polymer composite materials based on domestic and foreign sources (review). Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2018, no. 2 (51), pp. 47–58. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2018-0-2-47-58.
  4. Tomblin J., Salah L., Hoffman D. Durability and aging of composite aircraft structures. Long-term durability of polymeric matrix composites. Boston, MA: Springer, 2011, pp. 513–548.
  5. Aviation materials: a reference book in 13 vols. Ed. E.N. Kablov. Moscow, 2015, vol. 13: Climatic and microbiological resistance of non-metallic materials, 270 p.
  6. Kablov E.N., Startsev V.O., Laptev A.B. Aging of polymer composite materials. Moscow: National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute» – VIAM, 2023, 520 p.
  7. Shershak P.V., Yakovlev N.O., Sutubalov A.I. Standards for testing polymer composite materials. Part 1. Tensile properties. Aviation materials and technologies, 2023, no. 3 (72), paper no. 12. Available at: http://www.journal.viam.ru (accessed: April 25, 2024). DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2023-0-3-152-166.
  8. Shershak P.V., Sutubalov A.I., Yakovlev N.O., Sherstyuk F.A. Standards test methods for polymer matrix composite materials. Part 2. Compression properties. Aviation materials and technologies, 2024, no. 1 (74), paper no. 00. Available at: http://www.journal.viam.ru (accessed: April 25, 2024). DOI: 10.18577/2713-0193-2024-0-2-149-166.
  9. Startsev O.V., Vapirov Y.M., Lebedev M.P., Kychkin A.K. Comparison of glass-transition temperatures for epoxy polymers obtained by methods of thermal analysis. Mechanics of Composite Materials, 2020, vol. 56, pp. 227–240. DOI: 10.1007/s11029-020-09875-5.
  10. Startsev O.V., Anikhovskaya L.I., Litvinov A.A., Krotov A.S. Increasing the reliability of predicting the properties of polymer composite materials during thermal and humidity aging. Doklady akademii nauk, 2009, vol. 428, p. 56–60.
  11. Kudo A., Ben G. Estimation of weatherability flexural properties for CFRP subjected to long-term outdoor exposure. 18th International Conference on Composite Materials. Jeju, 2011, art. W27–3.
  12. Yi L., Peng X.Q., Wang Q.F., Yang Y.X. Time-dependent deterioration of carbon fiber reinforced polymer affected by climatic factors. Advanced Materials Research, 2012, vol. 457–458, pp. 320–324.
  13. Tao L., Min W., Qi L. The hygrothermal aging process and mechanism of CFRP papered by prepreg that may be stored at room temperature. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2020, vol. 182, pp. 109395. DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109395.
  14. Shvedkova A.K., Petrova A.P., Buznik V.M. Climate resistance of composite materials based on adhesive prepregs under arctic conditions. Polymer Science. Ser.: D, 2016, vol. 9, pp. 165–171. DOI: 10.1134/S1995421216020210.
  15. Startsev V.O., Il'ichev A.V. Effect of mechanical impact energy on the sorption and diffusion of moisture in reinforced polymer composite samples on variation of their sizes. Mechanics of Composite Materials, 2018, vol. 54, pp. 145–154. DOI: 10.1007/s11029-018-9727-7.
  16. Cavasin M., Sangermano M., Thomson B., Giannis S. Exposure of glass fiber reinforced polymer composites in seawater and the effect on their physical performance. Materials, 2019, vol. 12, paper 807. DOI: 10.3390/ma12050807.
  17. Startsev O.V., Startsev V.O., Kogan A.M., Vardanyan A.M. Change in the plasticizing effect of moisture during climatic aging of polymer composite materials. Deformatsiya i razrusheniye materialov, 2024, no. 1, p. 16–26. DOI: 10.31044/1814-4632-2024-1-16-26.
  18. Crank J. The mathematics of diffusion. 2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon press, 1975. 414 p.
  19. Carter H.G., Kibler K.G. Langmuir-type model for anomalous moisture diffusion in composite resins. Journal Composite Materials, 1978, vol. 12, pp. 118–131. DOI: 10.1177/002199837801200201.
  20. Korkees F. Moisture absorption behavior and diffusion characteristics of continuous carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites: a review. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Materials, 2023, vol. 62, pp. 1789–1822. DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2023.2234461.
  21. Almudaihesh F., Holford K., Pullin R., Eaton M.A. Comparison study of water diffusion in unidirectional and 2D woven carbon/epoxy composites. Polymer Composites, 2022, vol. 43, pp. 118–129. DOI: 10.1002/pc.26361.
  22. Althal S., Hossagadde P.N., Kini M.V., Pai D. Durability study of quasi isotropic carbon/epoxy composites under various environmental conditions. Iranian Polymer Journal, 2023, vol. 32, pp. 873–885. DOI: 10.1007/s13726-023-01172-x.
  23. Bone J.E., Sims G.D., Maxwell A.S. On the relationship between moisture uptake and mechanical property changes in a carbon fibre/epoxy composite. Journal of Composite Materials, 2022, vol. 65, pp. 2189–2199. DOI: 10.1177/00219983221091465.
  24. Davies P., Le Gac P.Y., Le Gall M. Influence of sea water aging on the mechanical behavior of acrylic matrix composites. Applied Composite Materials, 2017, vol. 24, pp. 97–111. DOI: 10.1007/s10443-016-9516-1.
  25. Du Y., Yu'e M.A., Wenbo S.U.N., Zhenhai W.A.N.G. Effect of hygrothermal aging on moisture diffusion and tensile behavior of CFRP composite laminates. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 2023, vol. 36, pp. 382–392. DOI: 10.1016/j.cja.2022.11.022.
  26. Nandagopal R.A., Boay C.G., Narasimalu S. An empirical model to predict the strength degradation of the hygrothermal aged CFRP material. Composite Structures, 2020, vol. 236, art. 111876. DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.111876.
  27. Arnold J.C., Alston S.M., Korkees F. An assessment of methods to determine the directional moisture diffusion coefficients of composite materials. Composites: Part A, 2013, vol. 55, pp. 120–128. DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2013.08.012.
  28. Korkees F., Morris E., Jarrett W., Swart R. Characterization of moisture absorption and flexural performance of functionalized graphene modified carbon fiber composites under low energy impact. Polymer Composites, 2023, vol. 44, pp. 3325–3340. DOI: 10.1002/pc.27324.
  29. Loos A.C., Springer G.S. Moisture absorption of graphite-epoxy composites immersed in liquids and in humid air. Journal of Composite Materials, 1979, vol. 13, pp. 131–147. DOI: 10.1177/002199837901300205.
  30. Mei J., Tan P.J., Liu J. Moisture absorption characteristics and mechanical degradation of composite lattice truss core sandwich panel in a hygrothermal environment. Composites. Part A, 2019, vol. 127, art. 105647. DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2019.105647.
  31. Scott P., Toumpanaki E., Lees J.M. Solution uptake in cylindrical carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) tendons. Advances in Polymer Technology, 2022, vol. 2022, art. 1981256. DOI: 10.17863/CAM.91288.
  32. Gagani A., Krauklis A., Echtermeyer A.T. Anisotropic fluid diffusion in carbon fiber reinforced composite rods: Experimental, analytical and numerical study. Marine Structures, 2018, vol. 59, pp. 47–59. DOI: 10.1016/j.marstruct.2018.01.003.
  33. Ryan J.M., Adams R., Brown S.G.R. Moisture ingress effect on properties of CFRP. Proceedings of ICCM-17 – 17th International Conference on Composite Materials. Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 2009, pp. 1–10.
  34. Revathi A., Sendil M.M., Shylaja S. et al. Effect of hot-wet conditioning on the mechanical and thermal properties of IM7/8552 carbon fiber composite. Indian Journal of Advances in Chemical Science, 2014, vol. 2, pp. 84–88.
  35. Panin S.V., Startsev O.V., Krotov A.S. Initial stage environmental degradation of the polymer matrix composites evaluated by Water diffusion coefficient. Trudy VIAM, 2014, no. 7, paper no. 09. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: June 11, 2024). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2014-0-7-9-9.
  36. Startsev V.O., Slavin A.V. Carbon and glass reinforced polymer based on solventfree binders resistance to the impact of a moderate cold and moderate warm climate. Trudy VIAM, 2021, no. 5 (99), paper no. 12. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: June 21, 2024). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2021-0-5-114-126.
  37. Kablov E.N., Startsev O.V., Krotov A.S., Kirillov V.N. Climatic aging of composite aviation materials: III. Significant aging factors. Russian Metallurgy (Metally), 2012, vol. 2012, no. 4, pp. 323–329. DOI: 10.1134/S0036029512040040.
  38. Heinrick M., Crawford B., Milani A.S. Degradation of fibreglass composites under natural weathering conditions. MOJ Polymer Science, 2017, vol. 1, pp. 18–24. DOI: 10.15406/mojps.2017.01.00004.
  39. Nishizaki I., Kishima T., Sasaki I. Deterioration of mechanical properties of pultruded FRP through exposure tests. Third International Conference on Durability & Field Applications of FRP Composites for Construction. Quebec City, 2007, pp. 159–166.
  40. Nishizaki I., Sasaki I., Tomiyama T. Outdoor exposure tests of pultruded CFRP plates. Proceeding of the 6th International Conference on FRP Composites in Civil Engineering. Calgary, Alberta, 2012, art. 11-096.
  41. Kutsevich K.E., Dementeva L.A., Lukina N.F. Properties and application of polymer composite materials based on glue prepregs. Trudy VIAM, 2016, no. 8, paper no. 7. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: May 05, 2024). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2016-0-8-7-7.
  42. Semenova L.V., Nefedov N.I., Belova M.V., Laptev A.B. Systems of paint coatings for helicopter equipment. Aviacionnye materialy i tehnologii, 2017, no. 4 (49), pp. 56–61. DOI: 10.18577/2071-9140-2017-0-4-56-61.
  43. Startsev O.V., Bolonin A.B., Vapirov Yu.M., Vladimirsky V.N., Ofitserova M.G. Improving the viscoelastic properties of acrylic enamel AC-1115. Lakokrasochnyye materialy i ikh primenenie, 1986, no. 4, pp. 16–18.
  44. Startsev V.O., Frolov A.S. Influence of climatic exposure on the color characteristics of paint and varnish coatings. Lakokrasochnyye materialy i ikh primenenie, 2015, no. 3, pp. 16–18.
  45. Pavlov A.V., Andreeva N.P., Pavlov M.R., Merkulova Yu.I. Climatic tests of paint coating based on fluoroplastic and features of its destruction. Trudy VIAM, 2019, no. 5, paper no. 12. Available at: http://www.viam-works.ru (accessed: July 01, 2024). DOI: 10.18577/2307-6046-2019-0-5-103-110.
  46. Yuan Z., Wang C., Jin L. A modified Langmuir model for moisture diffusion in UGFRE of composite insulator considering the composite degradation. Polymers, 2022, vol. 14, art. 2922. DOI: 10.3390/polym14142922.
  47. Bystritskaya E.V., Pomerantsev A.L., Rodionova O.Y. Non-linear regression analysis: new approach to traditional implementations. Journal of Chemometrics, 2000, vol. 14, pp. 667–692.